High 7.8Published Feb 27, 2025

CVE-2025-21791vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()

Updated under an hour ago (2026-10-19 09:40 UTC)

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It affects Linux and 2 other products. Add what you run to find out whether that includes you.

No exploitation reported and no EPSS estimate yet.

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Exploited in the last 30 days

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held: raw_sendmsg() ip_push_pending_frames() ip_send_skb() ip_local_out() __ip_local_out() l3mdev_ip_out() Add rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid a potential UAF.

CVSS: 7.8 HIGH (v3.1, CNA)CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness (CWE): CWE-416
Known exploited: Not in CISA's KEV catalog
EPSS (exploitation in the next 30 days): Not loaded for this CVE
Assigned by: Linux
NVD analysis: Modified
Record last updated: Oct 15, 2026
First seen by InfoSec Signals: Oct 15, 2026

Affected products

Affected products

Linux Linux linux:linux (from the name)	from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before 6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before 20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before 5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before 022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before 7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019; from a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 before 6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773	CNA record
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem siemens:simatic_s7_1500_tm_mfp_gnu_linux_subsystem (from the name)	all versions	CISA ADP
linux linux_kernel linux:linux_kernel	from 4.9 before 6.1.129; from 6.2 before 6.6.79; from 6.7 before 6.12.16; from 6.13 before 6.13.4; 6.14; 6.14	NVD

References

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51epatch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3bpatch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6bpatch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3cpatch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6fpatch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773patch
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html

The CVE record on cve.org NVD's entry

The CVE record is authoritative. Products marked “from the name” were identified from the CNA's free-text names, not a CPE, and are matched less certainly. This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.